Men make history. History does not make the man.
Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman is born in Lamar, Missouri to John Anderson Truman and Martha Ellen Young Truman.
Harry’s brother, John Vivian Truman (1886-1965), is born on April 25 in Harrisonville, Missouri.
The Truman family moves to a farm owned by Harry’s grandfather, Solomon Young, near present-day Grandview, Missouri.
On August 12, Harry Truman’s sister, Mary Jane, is born. She will live to be 89 years old.
The Trumans move to 619 Crysler Street in Independence, Missouri.
Young Harry meets Bess Wallace for the first time in First Presbyterian Church’s Sunday School. He was six years old and she was five. “I saw a beautiful curly haired girl there,” Truman remembered years later. “I thought (and still think) she was the most beautiful girl I ever saw. She had tanned skin, blond hair, golden as sunshine, and the most beautiful blue eyes I’ve ever seen or ever will see.”
In January, Harry becomes seriously ill with diphtheria and is forced to drop out of the second grade at the Noland School. After starting to recover, he suffered a relapse and became paralyzed for perhaps a few months. His parents pushed him around in a baby carriage or laid him on the floor with a book to read. According to his sister, Mary Jane, it was during these months of immobility that he developed his lifelong love of reading.
Harry Truman graduates from Independence High School.
No grading books or report cards survive to indicate what kind of student Harry was in high school, but Harry later reflected that he was, academically, “along about the middle.” In an essay on “Courage,” Harry wrote that “a true heart[,] a strong mind and a great deal of courage and I think a man will get through the world,” which describes fairly well the attitude he would try to bring to his presidency many years later.
Among Harry’s classmates was Charles G. Ross, who would forty-four years later become Truman’s White House press secretary.
Truman takes a job as a clerk for the National Bank of Commerce in Kansas City, Missouri.
To help out his parents and his brother, Vivian, Harry moves to the 600-acre family farm near Grandview, Missouri and helps them manage and operate it.
Truman begins courting Bess Wallace.
Truman is sworn into regular army service as a member of 129th Field Artillery regiment.
Truman arrives in Brest, France, on board U.S.S. George Washington.
On November 11, 1918, Captain Harry’s artillery unit fired some of the last shots of World War I towards German positions in Hermeville before the armistice took effect at 11 am. Under Truman’s command in France, the battery did not lose a single man, and his men presented Truman with a large loving cup after their return to the United States.
The war was a transformative experience that brought out Truman’s leadership qualities. Despite beginning 1917 as a family farmer who had been unsuccessful in several business ventures, Truman achieved a war record and leadership experience that supported his postwar political career in Missouri.
Harry and Bess are married on June 28 at Trinity Episcopal in Independence, Missouri.
Shortly before the wedding, Truman and Eddie Jacobson open a haberdashery at 104 West 12th Street in downtown Kansas City. After brief initial success, the store went bankrupt during the recession of 1921. Harry and Eddie remained close friends, and Jacobson’s advice to Truman later played a role in the U.S. government’s decision to recognize Israel.
Truman is appointed major in Field Artillery, Officers Reserve Corps.
A recession forces the closure of the haberdashery.
With the endorsement of county Democratic party leader T. J. Pendergast, Truman wins election as an eastern judge on the Jackson County Court.
Truman begins classes at the Kansas City School of Law; due to financial hardship, he will not complete the program.
A daughter, Margaret, is born to Harry and Bess.
Truman is elected presiding judge of the Jackson County Court
.
In a hotly contested battle, Truman retains his U.S. Senate seat. It is considered a turning point in his political career.
Senator Truman’s work as chairman of the “Truman Committee” (which exposed fraud and mismanagement of military funds) earned Truman his first appearance on the cover of TIME Magazine.
Truman is selected as one of the 10 most useful officials in Washington, D.C. in a poll by Look Magazine.
Truman is nominated for the office of vice president at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
Truman requests (and in May receives) an appropriation of $400 million before a joint session of Congress to fight the spread of communism in Greece and Turkey (Truman Doctrine).
Truman signs a peace treaty ratification with Italy, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.
Truman is inaugurated for his second term as president. In his inaugural address, he calls for a “bold new program” to help underprivileged peoples of the earth (Point IV Program).
Truman signs the National Security Act Amendment, establishing a unified Department of Defense.
Truman relieves MacArthur of all posts as commander of American and U. N. forces in the Far East for making statements critical of the government’s military and foreign policies in that area.
Truman attends the inauguration of President Eisenhower and then leaves by train for Independence, Missouri.
Truman begins works on his two-volume memoirs: Year of Decisions (1955) and Years of Trial and Hope (1956).
On his 71st birthday, Truman breaks ground for the construction of a privately financed Harry S. Truman Library building.
The Presidential Libraries Act is signed, authorizing the General Services Administration to accept the papers of U. S. presidents, and the land, buildings, and equipment that are offered for a “Presidential archival depository.”
Truman attends the marriage of his daughter, Mary Margaret, to E. Clifton Daniel, Jr., well-known newspaperman, in Trinity Episcopal Church, Independence, Missouri. Four grandsons will be born.
On July 6, Truman participates in the dedication of his presidential library.
Truman publishes Mr. Citizen, his post-presidential memoir.
Truman conducts a vigorous national speaking tour in support of presidential candidate John F. Kennedy.
A large statue of Truman is unveiled in Athens, Greece, commemorating Truman as one of Greece’s “greatest benefactors.”
Truman attends the funeral of President Kennedy and meets afterward with Eisenhower, affecting, to the press, a final “reconciliation” between these two former political adversaries.
Truman becomes the first former president to address the U. S. Senate while it is in formal session. The Senate honors him on his 80th birthday.
President Johnson signs the Medicare bill at the Truman Library. Mr. and Mrs. Truman will receive Medicare registration cards numbers one and two in January 1966. On his Medicare application form, Truman writes “Farmer” on the line next to “Former Occupation.”
Truman makes his last appearance as a speaker at the eighth annual July 4th celebration on the Truman Library grounds.
Truman looks on as President Johnson signs a bill, in the Truman home, designating October 24, 1968 as U. N. Day. The president also issues a proclamation noting Truman’s part in creating the United Nations organization in 1945.
With Bess, Margaret, and son-in-law E. Clifton Daniel, Truman tours his presidential library for the last time.
I have tried my best to give the nation everything I had in me. There are probably a million people who could have done the job better than I did, but I had the job, and I always quote an epitaph on a tombstone in a cemetery in Tombstone, Arizona: ‘Here lies Jack Williams. He done his damnedest.
Harry S. Truman
